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Engineering · Technology · Managed Services

Physics Based Modelling

Understand the system.
Support the decision.

Physics Based Modelling for coupled engineering behaviour, system studies and reduced order analysis.

Part of CX24 Engineering. Complementary to conventional CAE.

Engineer reviewing mechanical components on multiple workstation screens
Engineering / Physics modellingSystem behaviour. Clear decisions.

Engineering disciplines

Start with the behaviour you need to understand.

Select the physics and model fidelity around the problem. Suitability is assessed against the available inputs, operating conditions and intended use.

01

Rotordynamics

Understand how a rotating assembly responds across its operating speed range.

Represent shafts, bearings, stiffness and damping to investigate critical speeds, imbalance response and sensitivity to design changes.

Speed range · Bearing properties · Response limits
02

Thermal structural coupling

Assess how temperature changes shape, stress and mechanical performance.

Connect temperature fields or thermal networks to structural response, making material behaviour, interfaces and coupling assumptions explicit.

Thermal loads · Expansion · Interface conditions
03

Noise, vibration & harshness

Locate the mechanisms behind unwanted vibration and transmitted noise.

Use modal and dynamic response models to study excitation, transfer paths and sensitivity. Correlate against suitable measured evidence where available.

Excitation · Modes · Transfer paths
04

Multi domain system dynamics

Understand interactions that a component model alone cannot explain.

Connect mechanical, thermal, electrical or control behaviour at the level of detail the engineering question needs. Check units, interfaces and time scales.

Coupled physics · Controls · Interfaces
05

Reduced order modelling

Explore repeated scenarios when a detailed model is too costly to run for every decision.

Build a compact representation from appropriate physics, simulation or test evidence. Measure error and runtime together within a defined operating envelope.

Reference model · Error limits · Runtime
06

System level modelling

Compare architectures and operating strategies before committing to detailed implementation.

Represent subsystem behaviour, energy flows and operating constraints. Identify which interfaces and parameters drive the whole system response.

Architecture · Operating cycles · Trade studies

Our engagement approach

From an engineering question
to a reviewable model.

Verification checks whether the model is implemented as intended. Validation assesses how well it represents the relevant physical behaviour. Both matter.

  1. 01

    Engineering Problem Definition

    Name the decision, operating conditions, constraints and quantities that matter.

    Review outputAn agreed problem statement
  2. 02

    Model Specification

    Set fidelity, inputs, outputs, assumptions, acceptance criteria and intended use.

    Review outputA reviewable model specification
  3. 03

    Physics Based Model Development

    Implement the governing relationships. Check equations, units, numerical behaviour and reference cases.

    Review outputA versioned model with verification checks
  4. 04

    Calibration

    Use an identified calibration dataset to estimate uncertain parameters. Record the fitting process and parameter bounds.

    Review outputA traceable parameter set
  5. 05

    Validation

    Evaluate against evidence not used for calibration where available. Report errors, uncertainty and the limits of the comparison.

    Review outputA validation report against agreed criteria
  6. 06

    Performance Assessment

    Measure accuracy and computational cost on a documented baseline, workload and hardware configuration.

    Review outputAn evidence based suitability assessment
  7. 07

    Deployment / Engineering Application

    Release for the agreed use only when acceptance criteria are met. Document operation, interfaces, limitations and change control.

    Review outputAn accepted model and engineering handover

The modelling approach

From a physical system
to a reviewable model.

CX24 develops and applies models around a defined engineering problem, then evaluates them against agreed evidence and acceptance criteria. The objective is a model whose purpose, behaviour and limits are understood.

MODEL ARCHITECTURE01 / SCHEMATIC
GeometryMaterialsLoads & boundaries
PHYSICS & MODEL ASSUMPTIONS

Mechanical ↔ Thermal ↔ System dynamics

PredictResponse & sensitivity
CheckIndependent evidence
ApplyWithin agreed limits
Illustrative model architecture. Not a simulation result or customer deployment.

Engineering proof

Reference demonstrator.

A transparent evidence record, separate from a customer case study.

Publication pending

Internal CX24 reference problem

This space is reserved for an internally developed reference demonstrator. No validated results, performance figures or demonstrator screenshots are currently published here.

It must not be read as evidence of a customer deployment or an industry qualification.

Discuss the validation approach

What the published evidence will include

  1. Problem & specificationIntended use, system boundary, quantities of interest and acceptance criteria.
  2. Development & dataModel version, physics, assumptions, parameter sources and data provenance.
  3. Calibration & validationData separation, comparison method, uncertainty and limitations.
  4. Results & performanceError measures, correlation where meaningful, runtime, hardware and model size against a documented baseline.
  5. Engineering interpretationWhat the evidence supports, where it does not apply and the next decision.
01 / INTERNAL

Reference demonstrators

CX24 reference problems, with their development and validation status stated.

02 / ILLUSTRATIVE

Illustrative examples

Explanations of an approach. Not evidence of client delivery or measured performance.

03 / CLIENT

Client engagements

Actual commissioned work, published only with permission and a defined scope.

04 / MEASURED

Validated customer results

Customer outcomes supported by a baseline, method, measurements and publication approval.

Aerospace & Automotive

A common physics foundation.
Different engineering questions.

Industry context changes the operating conditions, constraints, data and acceptance requirements. The problem leads the model, not the industry label.

Defence & Aerospace

Rotating systems, thermal loads and subsystem response.

Candidate applications include shaft and bearing dynamics, thermally loaded structures, actuator response and reduced models for repeated subsystem studies.

Explore Aerospace Applications

Automotive

Electric drive behaviour, thermal management and vehicle dynamics.

Candidate applications include drive unit NVH, battery and power electronics thermal behaviour, suspension response and system duty cycle studies.

Explore Automotive Applications

Application areas describe engineering relevance. They do not assert completed industry deployments or validated customer outcomes.

One engineering capability

Detailed analysis and system understanding.

Physics Based Modelling complements conventional CAE. The right mix depends on the decision, required fidelity and available evidence.

Detailed engineering

Conventional CAE

Resolve local behaviour in components and assemblies: stress, deformation, temperature, flow and dynamic response.

  • Geometry, mesh and material representation
  • Load cases, boundary conditions and numerical checks
  • Detailed analysis and engineering interpretation

Shared physics
Shared evidence
Agreed interfaces

Connected behaviour

Physics Based Modelling

Represent the relationships that govern system behaviour, coupled effects and repeated operating scenarios.

  • System architecture and multi domain models
  • Reduced order representations where suitable
  • Faster evaluation only where the comparison supports it

A reduced or system model does not automatically replace detailed CAE or physical testing. Its intended use and limitations remain part of the engineering decision.

What an engagement can deliver

A model is only part of the handover.

Deliverables are agreed for the scope and development stage. A pilot may conclude that more data, a different model or physical testing is needed.

01

Model specification

Decision, fidelity, interfaces, assumptions, operating envelope and acceptance criteria.

02

Model & execution package

Versioned model, authorised parameter data, dependencies and reproducible run instructions.

03

Verification record

Implementation checks, reference cases and numerical behaviour appropriate to the model.

04

Validation assessment

Comparison evidence, error measures, uncertainty, gaps and stated applicability limits.

05

Performance comparison

Documented workload, baseline, model size, runtime and compute environment where relevant.

06

Engineering recommendation

Interpretation, acceptance status and the decision to refine, extend or apply the model.

Start with a focused engagement

One engineering problem.
A clear next decision.

Start with a focused engineering problem and scale based on the outcome. Agree the scope, inputs, acceptance criteria and review points before committing to a larger programme.

01

CAE Work Package

Scope
One component, assembly or defined load case set.
Customer inputs
Geometry, materials, loads, boundary conditions and acceptance criteria.
Deliverables
Analysis model, setup record, convergence checks, results and engineering report.
Expected outcome
Evidence to support a defined design decision.
Timing
A bounded analysis cycle; schedule agreed after input review.
Discuss this work package
02

Engineering Model Audit

Scope
A structured review of an existing model and its intended use.
Customer inputs
Model files, assumptions, solver version, prior reports and available test evidence.
Deliverables
Model review, risk and gap register, prioritised corrective actions and validation plan.
Expected outcome
A clear view of what can be trusted and what needs more work.
Timing
A focused review; timing depends on model access and complexity.
Discuss this model audit
03

Physics Based Modelling Pilot

Scope
One engineering problem with agreed physics, outputs and operating limits.
Customer inputs
Problem statement, system definition, parameter sources and comparison data.
Deliverables
Model specification, pilot model, verification record and validation assessment.
Expected outcome
A documented decision on suitability and the next development step.
Timing
Staged specification, build and evaluation; milestones agreed at scoping.
Discuss this pilot
04

Reduced Order Model Pilot

Scope
One reference model and a defined scenario or operating envelope.
Customer inputs
Reference model or authorised datasets, target error, runtime needs and intended interface.
Deliverables
Reduced model, comparison dataset, accuracy and runtime report, and use limitations.
Expected outcome
Evidence on whether reduced complexity is useful for the intended task.
Timing
Baseline assessment followed by build and comparison; data readiness sets the schedule.
Discuss this pilot
05

Simulation Optimisation Study

Scope
A defined design space, objective and set of engineering constraints.
Customer inputs
Baseline model, design variables, constraints, solver access and evaluation budget.
Deliverables
Study plan, sensitivity results, candidate comparison and recommended next analysis.
Expected outcome
A reasoned shortlist of design options, not a guaranteed optimum.
Timing
Study duration agreed around the design space and evaluation budget.
Discuss this study

There is no universal pilot duration. A delivery schedule is proposed after the model complexity, data readiness and validation requirements are reviewed. No pricing or performance guarantee is implied.

A technical conversation first

What engineering decision
does your model need to support?

Bring the problem, operating context and available evidence. We will help shape a focused scope and the criteria for deciding what comes next.